printk: refactor processing of line severity tokens

Restructure the logic of vprintk() so the processing of the leading
3 characters of each input line is in one place, regardless whether
printk_time is enabled. This makes the code smaller and easier to
understand.

size reduction in kernel/printk.o:

   text	   data	    bss	    dec	    hex	filename
   6157	    397	1049804	1056358	 101e66	printk.o.before
   6117	    397	1049804	1056318	 101e3e	printk.o.after

and some style uncleanlinesses removed as well as a side-effect:

 Before:
    total: 19 errors, 22 warnings, 1340 lines checked
 After:
    total: 17 errors, 22 warnings, 1333 lines checked

Signed-off-by: Nick Andrew <nick@nick-andrew.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>