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41 results

ub.c

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    Tejun Heo authored and Jens Axboe committed
    In-kernel disk event polling doesn't matter for legacy/fringe drivers
    and may lead to infinite event loop if ->check_events() implementation
    generates events on level condition instead of edge.
    
    Now that block layer supports suppressing exporting unlisted events,
    simply leaving disk->events cleared allows these drivers to keep the
    internal revalidation behavior intact while avoiding weird
    interactions with userland event handler.
    
    Signed-off-by: default avatarTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
    Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
    Signed-off-by: default avatarJens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
    9fd097b1
    History
    ub.c 62.15 KiB
    /*
     * The low performance USB storage driver (ub).
     *
     * Copyright (c) 1999, 2000 Matthew Dharm (mdharm-usb@one-eyed-alien.net)
     * Copyright (C) 2004 Pete Zaitcev (zaitcev@yahoo.com)
     *
     * This work is a part of Linux kernel, is derived from it,
     * and is not licensed separately. See file COPYING for details.
     *
     * TODO (sorted by decreasing priority)
     *  -- Return sense now that rq allows it (we always auto-sense anyway).
     *  -- set readonly flag for CDs, set removable flag for CF readers
     *  -- do inquiry and verify we got a disk and not a tape (for LUN mismatch)
     *  -- verify the 13 conditions and do bulk resets
     *  -- highmem
     *  -- move top_sense and work_bcs into separate allocations (if they survive)
     *     for cache purists and esoteric architectures.
     *  -- Allocate structure for LUN 0 before the first ub_sync_tur, avoid NULL. ?
     *  -- prune comments, they are too volumnous
     *  -- Resove XXX's
     *  -- CLEAR, CLR2STS, CLRRS seem to be ripe for refactoring.
     */
    #include <linux/kernel.h>
    #include <linux/module.h>
    #include <linux/usb.h>
    #include <linux/usb_usual.h>
    #include <linux/blkdev.h>
    #include <linux/timer.h>
    #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
    #include <linux/slab.h>
    #include <linux/mutex.h>
    #include <scsi/scsi.h>
    
    #define DRV_NAME "ub"
    
    #define UB_MAJOR 180
    
    /*
     * The command state machine is the key model for understanding of this driver.
     *
     * The general rule is that all transitions are done towards the bottom
     * of the diagram, thus preventing any loops.
     *
     * An exception to that is how the STAT state is handled. A counter allows it
     * to be re-entered along the path marked with [C].
     *
     *       +--------+
     *       ! INIT   !
     *       +--------+
     *           !
     *        ub_scsi_cmd_start fails ->--------------------------------------\
     *           !                                                            !
     *           V                                                            !
     *       +--------+                                                       !
     *       ! CMD    !                                                       !
     *       +--------+                                                       !
     *           !                                            +--------+      !
     *         was -EPIPE -->-------------------------------->! CLEAR  !      !
     *           !                                            +--------+      !
     *           !                                                !           !
     *         was error -->------------------------------------- ! --------->\
     *           !                                                !           !
     *  /--<-- cmd->dir == NONE ?                                 !           !
     *  !        !                                                !           !
     *  !        V                                                !           !
     *  !    +--------+                                           !           !
     *  !    ! DATA   !                                           !           !
     *  !    +--------+                                           !           !
     *  !        !                           +---------+          !           !
     *  !      was -EPIPE -->--------------->! CLR2STS !          !           !
     *  !        !                           +---------+          !           !
     *  !        !                                !               !           !
     *  !        !                              was error -->---- ! --------->\
     *  !      was error -->--------------------- ! ------------- ! --------->\
     *  !        !                                !               !           !
     *  !        V                                !               !           !
     *  \--->+--------+                           !               !           !
     *       ! STAT   !<--------------------------/               !           !
     *  /--->+--------+                                           !           !
     *  !        !                                                !           !
     * [C]     was -EPIPE -->-----------\                         !           !
     *  !        !                      !                         !           !
     *  +<---- len == 0                 !                         !           !
     *  !        !                      !                         !           !
     *  !      was error -->--------------------------------------!---------->\
     *  !        !                      !                         !           !
     *  +<---- bad CSW                  !                         !           !
     *  +<---- bad tag                  !                         !           !
     *  !        !                      V                         !           !
     *  !        !                 +--------+                     !           !
     *  !        !                 ! CLRRS  !                     !           !
     *  !        !                 +--------+                     !           !
     *  !        !                      !                         !           !
     *  \------- ! --------------------[C]--------\               !           !
     *           !                                !               !           !
     *         cmd->error---\                +--------+           !           !
     *           !          +--------------->! SENSE  !<----------/           !
     *         STAT_FAIL----/                +--------+                       !
     *           !                                !                           V
     *           !                                V                      +--------+
     *           \--------------------------------\--------------------->! DONE   !
     *                                                                   +--------+
     */
    
    /*
     * This many LUNs per USB device.
     * Every one of them takes a host, see UB_MAX_HOSTS.
     */
    #define UB_MAX_LUNS   9
    
    /*
     */
    
    #define UB_PARTS_PER_LUN      8
    
    #define UB_MAX_CDB_SIZE      16		/* Corresponds to Bulk */
    
    #define UB_SENSE_SIZE  18
    
    /*
     */
    
    /* command block wrapper */
    struct bulk_cb_wrap {
    	__le32	Signature;		/* contains 'USBC' */
    	u32	Tag;			/* unique per command id */
    	__le32	DataTransferLength;	/* size of data */
    	u8	Flags;			/* direction in bit 0 */
    	u8	Lun;			/* LUN */
    	u8	Length;			/* of of the CDB */
    	u8	CDB[UB_MAX_CDB_SIZE];	/* max command */
    };
    
    #define US_BULK_CB_WRAP_LEN	31
    #define US_BULK_CB_SIGN		0x43425355	/*spells out USBC */
    #define US_BULK_FLAG_IN		1
    #define US_BULK_FLAG_OUT	0
    
    /* command status wrapper */
    struct bulk_cs_wrap {
    	__le32	Signature;		/* should = 'USBS' */
    	u32	Tag;			/* same as original command */
    	__le32	Residue;		/* amount not transferred */
    	u8	Status;			/* see below */
    };
    
    #define US_BULK_CS_WRAP_LEN	13
    #define US_BULK_CS_SIGN		0x53425355	/* spells out 'USBS' */
    #define US_BULK_STAT_OK		0
    #define US_BULK_STAT_FAIL	1
    #define US_BULK_STAT_PHASE	2
    
    /* bulk-only class specific requests */
    #define US_BULK_RESET_REQUEST	0xff
    #define US_BULK_GET_MAX_LUN	0xfe
    
    /*
     */
    struct ub_dev;
    
    #define UB_MAX_REQ_SG	9	/* cdrecord requires 32KB and maybe a header */
    #define UB_MAX_SECTORS 64
    
    /*
     * A second is more than enough for a 32K transfer (UB_MAX_SECTORS)
     * even if a webcam hogs the bus, but some devices need time to spin up.
     */
    #define UB_URB_TIMEOUT	(HZ*2)
    #define UB_DATA_TIMEOUT	(HZ*5)	/* ZIP does spin-ups in the data phase */
    #define UB_STAT_TIMEOUT	(HZ*5)	/* Same spinups and eject for a dataless cmd. */
    #define UB_CTRL_TIMEOUT	(HZ/2)	/* 500ms ought to be enough to clear a stall */
    
    /*
     * An instance of a SCSI command in transit.
     */
    #define UB_DIR_NONE	0
    #define UB_DIR_READ	1
    #define UB_DIR_ILLEGAL2	2
    #define UB_DIR_WRITE	3
    
    #define UB_DIR_CHAR(c)  (((c)==UB_DIR_WRITE)? 'w': \
    			 (((c)==UB_DIR_READ)? 'r': 'n'))
    
    enum ub_scsi_cmd_state {
    	UB_CMDST_INIT,			/* Initial state */
    	UB_CMDST_CMD,			/* Command submitted */
    	UB_CMDST_DATA,			/* Data phase */
    	UB_CMDST_CLR2STS,		/* Clearing before requesting status */
    	UB_CMDST_STAT,			/* Status phase */
    	UB_CMDST_CLEAR,			/* Clearing a stall (halt, actually) */
    	UB_CMDST_CLRRS,			/* Clearing before retrying status */
    	UB_CMDST_SENSE,			/* Sending Request Sense */
    	UB_CMDST_DONE			/* Final state */
    };
    
    struct ub_scsi_cmd {
    	unsigned char cdb[UB_MAX_CDB_SIZE];
    	unsigned char cdb_len;
    
    	unsigned char dir;		/* 0 - none, 1 - read, 3 - write. */
    	enum ub_scsi_cmd_state state;
    	unsigned int tag;
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *next;
    
    	int error;			/* Return code - valid upon done */
    	unsigned int act_len;		/* Return size */
    	unsigned char key, asc, ascq;	/* May be valid if error==-EIO */
    
    	int stat_count;			/* Retries getting status. */
    	unsigned int timeo;		/* jiffies until rq->timeout changes */
    
    	unsigned int len;		/* Requested length */
    	unsigned int current_sg;
    	unsigned int nsg;		/* sgv[nsg] */
    	struct scatterlist sgv[UB_MAX_REQ_SG];
    
    	struct ub_lun *lun;
    	void (*done)(struct ub_dev *, struct ub_scsi_cmd *);
    	void *back;
    };
    
    struct ub_request {
    	struct request *rq;
    	unsigned int current_try;
    	unsigned int nsg;		/* sgv[nsg] */
    	struct scatterlist sgv[UB_MAX_REQ_SG];
    };
    
    /*
     */
    struct ub_capacity {
    	unsigned long nsec;		/* Linux size - 512 byte sectors */
    	unsigned int bsize;		/* Linux hardsect_size */
    	unsigned int bshift;		/* Shift between 512 and hard sects */
    };
    
    /*
     * This is a direct take-off from linux/include/completion.h
     * The difference is that I do not wait on this thing, just poll.
     * When I want to wait (ub_probe), I just use the stock completion.
     *
     * Note that INIT_COMPLETION takes no lock. It is correct. But why
     * in the bloody hell that thing takes struct instead of pointer to struct
     * is quite beyond me. I just copied it from the stock completion.
     */
    struct ub_completion {
    	unsigned int done;
    	spinlock_t lock;
    };
    
    static DEFINE_MUTEX(ub_mutex);
    static inline void ub_init_completion(struct ub_completion *x)
    {
    	x->done = 0;
    	spin_lock_init(&x->lock);
    }
    
    #define UB_INIT_COMPLETION(x)	((x).done = 0)
    
    static void ub_complete(struct ub_completion *x)
    {
    	unsigned long flags;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&x->lock, flags);
    	x->done++;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&x->lock, flags);
    }
    
    static int ub_is_completed(struct ub_completion *x)
    {
    	unsigned long flags;
    	int ret;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&x->lock, flags);
    	ret = x->done;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&x->lock, flags);
    	return ret;
    }
    
    /*
     */
    struct ub_scsi_cmd_queue {
    	int qlen, qmax;
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *head, *tail;
    };
    
    /*
     * The block device instance (one per LUN).
     */
    struct ub_lun {
    	struct ub_dev *udev;
    	struct list_head link;
    	struct gendisk *disk;
    	int id;				/* Host index */
    	int num;			/* LUN number */
    	char name[16];
    
    	int changed;			/* Media was changed */
    	int removable;
    	int readonly;
    
    	struct ub_request urq;
    
    	/* Use Ingo's mempool if or when we have more than one command. */
    	/*
    	 * Currently we never need more than one command for the whole device.
    	 * However, giving every LUN a command is a cheap and automatic way
    	 * to enforce fairness between them.
    	 */
    	int cmda[1];
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd cmdv[1];
    
    	struct ub_capacity capacity; 
    };
    
    /*
     * The USB device instance.
     */
    struct ub_dev {
    	spinlock_t *lock;
    	atomic_t poison;		/* The USB device is disconnected */
    	int openc;			/* protected by ub_lock! */
    					/* kref is too implicit for our taste */
    	int reset;			/* Reset is running */
    	int bad_resid;
    	unsigned int tagcnt;
    	char name[12];
    	struct usb_device *dev;
    	struct usb_interface *intf;
    
    	struct list_head luns;
    
    	unsigned int send_bulk_pipe;	/* cached pipe values */
    	unsigned int recv_bulk_pipe;
    	unsigned int send_ctrl_pipe;
    	unsigned int recv_ctrl_pipe;
    
    	struct tasklet_struct tasklet;
    
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd_queue cmd_queue;
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd top_rqs_cmd;	/* REQUEST SENSE */
    	unsigned char top_sense[UB_SENSE_SIZE];
    
    	struct ub_completion work_done;
    	struct urb work_urb;
    	struct timer_list work_timer;
    	int last_pipe;			/* What might need clearing */
    	__le32 signature;		/* Learned signature */
    	struct bulk_cb_wrap work_bcb;
    	struct bulk_cs_wrap work_bcs;
    	struct usb_ctrlrequest work_cr;
    
    	struct work_struct reset_work;
    	wait_queue_head_t reset_wait;
    };
    
    /*
     */
    static void ub_cleanup(struct ub_dev *sc);
    static int ub_request_fn_1(struct ub_lun *lun, struct request *rq);
    static void ub_cmd_build_block(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd, struct ub_request *urq);
    static void ub_cmd_build_packet(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd, struct ub_request *urq);
    static void ub_rw_cmd_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_end_rq(struct request *rq, unsigned int status);
    static int ub_rw_cmd_retry(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_request *urq, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static int ub_submit_scsi(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_urb_complete(struct urb *urb);
    static void ub_scsi_action(unsigned long _dev);
    static void ub_scsi_dispatch(struct ub_dev *sc);
    static void ub_scsi_urb_compl(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_data_start(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_state_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd, int rc);
    static int __ub_state_stat(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_state_stat(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_state_stat_counted(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static void ub_state_sense(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd);
    static int ub_submit_clear_stall(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd,
        int stalled_pipe);
    static void ub_top_sense_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *scmd);
    static void ub_reset_enter(struct ub_dev *sc, int try);
    static void ub_reset_task(struct work_struct *work);
    static int ub_sync_tur(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun);
    static int ub_sync_read_cap(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_capacity *ret);
    static int ub_sync_reset(struct ub_dev *sc);
    static int ub_probe_clear_stall(struct ub_dev *sc, int stalled_pipe);
    static int ub_probe_lun(struct ub_dev *sc, int lnum);
    
    /*
     */
    #ifdef CONFIG_USB_LIBUSUAL
    
    #define ub_usb_ids  usb_storage_usb_ids
    #else
    
    static const struct usb_device_id ub_usb_ids[] = {
    	{ USB_INTERFACE_INFO(USB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE, USB_SC_SCSI, USB_PR_BULK) },
    	{ }
    };
    
    MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, ub_usb_ids);
    #endif /* CONFIG_USB_LIBUSUAL */
    
    /*
     * Find me a way to identify "next free minor" for add_disk(),
     * and the array disappears the next day. However, the number of
     * hosts has something to do with the naming and /proc/partitions.
     * This has to be thought out in detail before changing.
     * If UB_MAX_HOST was 1000, we'd use a bitmap. Or a better data structure.
     */
    #define UB_MAX_HOSTS  26
    static char ub_hostv[UB_MAX_HOSTS];
    
    #define UB_QLOCK_NUM 5
    static spinlock_t ub_qlockv[UB_QLOCK_NUM];
    static int ub_qlock_next = 0;
    
    static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ub_lock);	/* Locks globals and ->openc */
    
    /*
     * The id allocator.
     *
     * This also stores the host for indexing by minor, which is somewhat dirty.
     */
    static int ub_id_get(void)
    {
    	unsigned long flags;
    	int i;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	for (i = 0; i < UB_MAX_HOSTS; i++) {
    		if (ub_hostv[i] == 0) {
    			ub_hostv[i] = 1;
    			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    			return i;
    		}
    	}
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    	return -1;
    }
    
    static void ub_id_put(int id)
    {
    	unsigned long flags;
    
    	if (id < 0 || id >= UB_MAX_HOSTS) {
    		printk(KERN_ERR DRV_NAME ": bad host ID %d\n", id);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	if (ub_hostv[id] == 0) {
    		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    		printk(KERN_ERR DRV_NAME ": freeing free host ID %d\n", id);
    		return;
    	}
    	ub_hostv[id] = 0;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    }
    
    /*
     * This is necessitated by the fact that blk_cleanup_queue does not
     * necesserily destroy the queue. Instead, it may merely decrease q->refcnt.
     * Since our blk_init_queue() passes a spinlock common with ub_dev,
     * we have life time issues when ub_cleanup frees ub_dev.
     */
    static spinlock_t *ub_next_lock(void)
    {
    	unsigned long flags;
    	spinlock_t *ret;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	ret = &ub_qlockv[ub_qlock_next];
    	ub_qlock_next = (ub_qlock_next + 1) % UB_QLOCK_NUM;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    	return ret;
    }
    
    /*
     * Downcount for deallocation. This rides on two assumptions:
     *  - once something is poisoned, its refcount cannot grow
     *  - opens cannot happen at this time (del_gendisk was done)
     * If the above is true, we can drop the lock, which we need for
     * blk_cleanup_queue(): the silly thing may attempt to sleep.
     * [Actually, it never needs to sleep for us, but it calls might_sleep()]
     */
    static void ub_put(struct ub_dev *sc)
    {
    	unsigned long flags;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	--sc->openc;
    	if (sc->openc == 0 && atomic_read(&sc->poison)) {
    		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    		ub_cleanup(sc);
    	} else {
    		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    	}
    }
    
    /*
     * Final cleanup and deallocation.
     */
    static void ub_cleanup(struct ub_dev *sc)
    {
    	struct list_head *p;
    	struct ub_lun *lun;
    	struct request_queue *q;
    
    	while (!list_empty(&sc->luns)) {
    		p = sc->luns.next;
    		lun = list_entry(p, struct ub_lun, link);
    		list_del(p);
    
    		/* I don't think queue can be NULL. But... Stolen from sx8.c */
    		if ((q = lun->disk->queue) != NULL)
    			blk_cleanup_queue(q);
    		/*
    		 * If we zero disk->private_data BEFORE put_disk, we have
    		 * to check for NULL all over the place in open, release,
    		 * check_media and revalidate, because the block level
    		 * semaphore is well inside the put_disk.
    		 * But we cannot zero after the call, because *disk is gone.
    		 * The sd.c is blatantly racy in this area.
    		 */
    		/* disk->private_data = NULL; */
    		put_disk(lun->disk);
    		lun->disk = NULL;
    
    		ub_id_put(lun->id);
    		kfree(lun);
    	}
    
    	usb_set_intfdata(sc->intf, NULL);
    	usb_put_intf(sc->intf);
    	usb_put_dev(sc->dev);
    	kfree(sc);
    }
    
    /*
     * The "command allocator".
     */
    static struct ub_scsi_cmd *ub_get_cmd(struct ub_lun *lun)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *ret;
    
    	if (lun->cmda[0])
    		return NULL;
    	ret = &lun->cmdv[0];
    	lun->cmda[0] = 1;
    	return ret;
    }
    
    static void ub_put_cmd(struct ub_lun *lun, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	if (cmd != &lun->cmdv[0]) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: releasing a foreign cmd %p\n",
    		    lun->name, cmd);
    		return;
    	}
    	if (!lun->cmda[0]) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: releasing a free cmd\n", lun->name);
    		return;
    	}
    	lun->cmda[0] = 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * The command queue.
     */
    static void ub_cmdq_add(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd_queue *t = &sc->cmd_queue;
    
    	if (t->qlen++ == 0) {
    		t->head = cmd;
    		t->tail = cmd;
    	} else {
    		t->tail->next = cmd;
    		t->tail = cmd;
    	}
    
    	if (t->qlen > t->qmax)
    		t->qmax = t->qlen;
    }
    
    static void ub_cmdq_insert(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd_queue *t = &sc->cmd_queue;
    
    	if (t->qlen++ == 0) {
    		t->head = cmd;
    		t->tail = cmd;
    	} else {
    		cmd->next = t->head;
    		t->head = cmd;
    	}
    
    	if (t->qlen > t->qmax)
    		t->qmax = t->qlen;
    }
    
    static struct ub_scsi_cmd *ub_cmdq_pop(struct ub_dev *sc)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd_queue *t = &sc->cmd_queue;
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    
    	if (t->qlen == 0)
    		return NULL;
    	if (--t->qlen == 0)
    		t->tail = NULL;
    	cmd = t->head;
    	t->head = cmd->next;
    	cmd->next = NULL;
    	return cmd;
    }
    
    #define ub_cmdq_peek(sc)  ((sc)->cmd_queue.head)
    
    /*
     * The request function is our main entry point
     */
    
    static void ub_request_fn(struct request_queue *q)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun = q->queuedata;
    	struct request *rq;
    
    	while ((rq = blk_peek_request(q)) != NULL) {
    		if (ub_request_fn_1(lun, rq) != 0) {
    			blk_stop_queue(q);
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    static int ub_request_fn_1(struct ub_lun *lun, struct request *rq)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc = lun->udev;
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    	struct ub_request *urq;
    	int n_elem;
    
    	if (atomic_read(&sc->poison)) {
    		blk_start_request(rq);
    		ub_end_rq(rq, DID_NO_CONNECT << 16);
    		return 0;
    	}
    
    	if (lun->changed && rq->cmd_type != REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC) {
    		blk_start_request(rq);
    		ub_end_rq(rq, SAM_STAT_CHECK_CONDITION);
    		return 0;
    	}
    
    	if (lun->urq.rq != NULL)
    		return -1;
    	if ((cmd = ub_get_cmd(lun)) == NULL)
    		return -1;
    	memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(struct ub_scsi_cmd));
    
    	blk_start_request(rq);
    
    	urq = &lun->urq;
    	memset(urq, 0, sizeof(struct ub_request));
    	urq->rq = rq;
    
    	/*
    	 * get scatterlist from block layer
    	 */
    	sg_init_table(&urq->sgv[0], UB_MAX_REQ_SG);
    	n_elem = blk_rq_map_sg(lun->disk->queue, rq, &urq->sgv[0]);
    	if (n_elem < 0) {
    		/* Impossible, because blk_rq_map_sg should not hit ENOMEM. */
    		printk(KERN_INFO "%s: failed request map (%d)\n",
    		    lun->name, n_elem);
    		goto drop;
    	}
    	if (n_elem > UB_MAX_REQ_SG) {	/* Paranoia */
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: request with %d segments\n",
    		    lun->name, n_elem);
    		goto drop;
    	}
    	urq->nsg = n_elem;
    
    	if (rq->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC) {
    		ub_cmd_build_packet(sc, lun, cmd, urq);
    	} else {
    		ub_cmd_build_block(sc, lun, cmd, urq);
    	}
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_INIT;
    	cmd->lun = lun;
    	cmd->done = ub_rw_cmd_done;
    	cmd->back = urq;
    
    	cmd->tag = sc->tagcnt++;
    	if (ub_submit_scsi(sc, cmd) != 0)
    		goto drop;
    
    	return 0;
    
    drop:
    	ub_put_cmd(lun, cmd);
    	ub_end_rq(rq, DID_ERROR << 16);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static void ub_cmd_build_block(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd, struct ub_request *urq)
    {
    	struct request *rq = urq->rq;
    	unsigned int block, nblks;
    
    	if (rq_data_dir(rq) == WRITE)
    		cmd->dir = UB_DIR_WRITE;
    	else
    		cmd->dir = UB_DIR_READ;
    
    	cmd->nsg = urq->nsg;
    	memcpy(cmd->sgv, urq->sgv, sizeof(struct scatterlist) * cmd->nsg);
    
    	/*
    	 * build the command
    	 *
    	 * The call to blk_queue_logical_block_size() guarantees that request
    	 * is aligned, but it is given in terms of 512 byte units, always.
    	 */
    	block = blk_rq_pos(rq) >> lun->capacity.bshift;
    	nblks = blk_rq_sectors(rq) >> lun->capacity.bshift;
    
    	cmd->cdb[0] = (cmd->dir == UB_DIR_READ)? READ_10: WRITE_10;
    	/* 10-byte uses 4 bytes of LBA: 2147483648KB, 2097152MB, 2048GB */
    	cmd->cdb[2] = block >> 24;
    	cmd->cdb[3] = block >> 16;
    	cmd->cdb[4] = block >> 8;
    	cmd->cdb[5] = block;
    	cmd->cdb[7] = nblks >> 8;
    	cmd->cdb[8] = nblks;
    	cmd->cdb_len = 10;
    
    	cmd->len = blk_rq_bytes(rq);
    }
    
    static void ub_cmd_build_packet(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd, struct ub_request *urq)
    {
    	struct request *rq = urq->rq;
    
    	if (blk_rq_bytes(rq) == 0) {
    		cmd->dir = UB_DIR_NONE;
    	} else {
    		if (rq_data_dir(rq) == WRITE)
    			cmd->dir = UB_DIR_WRITE;
    		else
    			cmd->dir = UB_DIR_READ;
    	}
    
    	cmd->nsg = urq->nsg;
    	memcpy(cmd->sgv, urq->sgv, sizeof(struct scatterlist) * cmd->nsg);
    
    	memcpy(&cmd->cdb, rq->cmd, rq->cmd_len);
    	cmd->cdb_len = rq->cmd_len;
    
    	cmd->len = blk_rq_bytes(rq);
    
    	/*
    	 * To reapply this to every URB is not as incorrect as it looks.
    	 * In return, we avoid any complicated tracking calculations.
    	 */
    	cmd->timeo = rq->timeout;
    }
    
    static void ub_rw_cmd_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun = cmd->lun;
    	struct ub_request *urq = cmd->back;
    	struct request *rq;
    	unsigned int scsi_status;
    
    	rq = urq->rq;
    
    	if (cmd->error == 0) {
    		if (rq->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC) {
    			if (cmd->act_len >= rq->resid_len)
    				rq->resid_len = 0;
    			else
    				rq->resid_len -= cmd->act_len;
    			scsi_status = 0;
    		} else {
    			if (cmd->act_len != cmd->len) {
    				scsi_status = SAM_STAT_CHECK_CONDITION;
    			} else {
    				scsi_status = 0;
    			}
    		}
    	} else {
    		if (rq->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC) {
    			/* UB_SENSE_SIZE is smaller than SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE */
    			memcpy(rq->sense, sc->top_sense, UB_SENSE_SIZE);
    			rq->sense_len = UB_SENSE_SIZE;
    			if (sc->top_sense[0] != 0)
    				scsi_status = SAM_STAT_CHECK_CONDITION;
    			else
    				scsi_status = DID_ERROR << 16;
    		} else {
    			if (cmd->error == -EIO &&
    			    (cmd->key == 0 ||
    			     cmd->key == MEDIUM_ERROR ||
    			     cmd->key == UNIT_ATTENTION)) {
    				if (ub_rw_cmd_retry(sc, lun, urq, cmd) == 0)
    					return;
    			}
    			scsi_status = SAM_STAT_CHECK_CONDITION;
    		}
    	}
    
    	urq->rq = NULL;
    
    	ub_put_cmd(lun, cmd);
    	ub_end_rq(rq, scsi_status);
    	blk_start_queue(lun->disk->queue);
    }
    
    static void ub_end_rq(struct request *rq, unsigned int scsi_status)
    {
    	int error;
    
    	if (scsi_status == 0) {
    		error = 0;
    	} else {
    		error = -EIO;
    		rq->errors = scsi_status;
    	}
    	__blk_end_request_all(rq, error);
    }
    
    static int ub_rw_cmd_retry(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_request *urq, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    
    	if (atomic_read(&sc->poison))
    		return -ENXIO;
    
    	ub_reset_enter(sc, urq->current_try);
    
    	if (urq->current_try >= 3)
    		return -EIO;
    	urq->current_try++;
    
    	/* Remove this if anyone complains of flooding. */
    	printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: dir %c len/act %d/%d "
    	    "[sense %x %02x %02x] retry %d\n",
    	    sc->name, UB_DIR_CHAR(cmd->dir), cmd->len, cmd->act_len,
    	    cmd->key, cmd->asc, cmd->ascq, urq->current_try);
    
    	memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(struct ub_scsi_cmd));
    	ub_cmd_build_block(sc, lun, cmd, urq);
    
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_INIT;
    	cmd->lun = lun;
    	cmd->done = ub_rw_cmd_done;
    	cmd->back = urq;
    
    	cmd->tag = sc->tagcnt++;
    
    #if 0 /* Wasteful */
    	return ub_submit_scsi(sc, cmd);
    #else
    	ub_cmdq_add(sc, cmd);
    	return 0;
    #endif
    }
    
    /*
     * Submit a regular SCSI operation (not an auto-sense).
     *
     * The Iron Law of Good Submit Routine is:
     * Zero return - callback is done, Nonzero return - callback is not done.
     * No exceptions.
     *
     * Host is assumed locked.
     */
    static int ub_submit_scsi(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    
    	if (cmd->state != UB_CMDST_INIT ||
    	    (cmd->dir != UB_DIR_NONE && cmd->len == 0)) {
    		return -EINVAL;
    	}
    
    	ub_cmdq_add(sc, cmd);
    	/*
    	 * We can call ub_scsi_dispatch(sc) right away here, but it's a little
    	 * safer to jump to a tasklet, in case upper layers do something silly.
    	 */
    	tasklet_schedule(&sc->tasklet);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Submit the first URB for the queued command.
     * This function does not deal with queueing in any way.
     */
    static int ub_scsi_cmd_start(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct bulk_cb_wrap *bcb;
    	int rc;
    
    	bcb = &sc->work_bcb;
    
    	/*
    	 * ``If the allocation length is eighteen or greater, and a device
    	 * server returns less than eithteen bytes of data, the application
    	 * client should assume that the bytes not transferred would have been
    	 * zeroes had the device server returned those bytes.''
    	 *
    	 * We zero sense for all commands so that when a packet request
    	 * fails it does not return a stale sense.
    	 */
    	memset(&sc->top_sense, 0, UB_SENSE_SIZE);
    
    	/* set up the command wrapper */
    	bcb->Signature = cpu_to_le32(US_BULK_CB_SIGN);
    	bcb->Tag = cmd->tag;		/* Endianness is not important */
    	bcb->DataTransferLength = cpu_to_le32(cmd->len);
    	bcb->Flags = (cmd->dir == UB_DIR_READ) ? 0x80 : 0;
    	bcb->Lun = (cmd->lun != NULL) ? cmd->lun->num : 0;
    	bcb->Length = cmd->cdb_len;
    
    	/* copy the command payload */
    	memcpy(bcb->CDB, cmd->cdb, UB_MAX_CDB_SIZE);
    
    	UB_INIT_COMPLETION(sc->work_done);
    
    	sc->last_pipe = sc->send_bulk_pipe;
    	usb_fill_bulk_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, sc->send_bulk_pipe,
    	    bcb, US_BULK_CB_WRAP_LEN, ub_urb_complete, sc);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) != 0) {
    		/* XXX Clear stalls */
    		ub_complete(&sc->work_done);
    		return rc;
    	}
    
    	sc->work_timer.expires = jiffies + UB_URB_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&sc->work_timer);
    
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_CMD;
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Timeout handler.
     */
    static void ub_urb_timeout(unsigned long arg)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc = (struct ub_dev *) arg;
    	unsigned long flags;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	if (!ub_is_completed(&sc->work_done))
    		usb_unlink_urb(&sc->work_urb);
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    }
    
    /*
     * Completion routine for the work URB.
     *
     * This can be called directly from usb_submit_urb (while we have
     * the sc->lock taken) and from an interrupt (while we do NOT have
     * the sc->lock taken). Therefore, bounce this off to a tasklet.
     */
    static void ub_urb_complete(struct urb *urb)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc = urb->context;
    
    	ub_complete(&sc->work_done);
    	tasklet_schedule(&sc->tasklet);
    }
    
    static void ub_scsi_action(unsigned long _dev)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc = (struct ub_dev *) _dev;
    	unsigned long flags;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	ub_scsi_dispatch(sc);
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    }
    
    static void ub_scsi_dispatch(struct ub_dev *sc)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    	int rc;
    
    	while (!sc->reset && (cmd = ub_cmdq_peek(sc)) != NULL) {
    		if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_DONE) {
    			ub_cmdq_pop(sc);
    			(*cmd->done)(sc, cmd);
    		} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_INIT) {
    			if ((rc = ub_scsi_cmd_start(sc, cmd)) == 0)
    				break;
    			cmd->error = rc;
    			cmd->state = UB_CMDST_DONE;
    		} else {
    			if (!ub_is_completed(&sc->work_done))
    				break;
    			del_timer(&sc->work_timer);
    			ub_scsi_urb_compl(sc, cmd);
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    static void ub_scsi_urb_compl(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct urb *urb = &sc->work_urb;
    	struct bulk_cs_wrap *bcs;
    	int endp;
    	int len;
    	int rc;
    
    	if (atomic_read(&sc->poison)) {
    		ub_state_done(sc, cmd, -ENODEV);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	endp = usb_pipeendpoint(sc->last_pipe);
    	if (usb_pipein(sc->last_pipe))
    		endp |= USB_DIR_IN;
    
    	if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_CLEAR) {
    		if (urb->status == -EPIPE) {
    			/*
    			 * STALL while clearning STALL.
    			 * The control pipe clears itself - nothing to do.
    			 */
    			printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: stall on control pipe\n",
    			    sc->name);
    			goto Bad_End;
    		}
    
    		/*
    		 * We ignore the result for the halt clear.
    		 */
    
    		usb_reset_endpoint(sc->dev, endp);
    
    		ub_state_sense(sc, cmd);
    
    	} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_CLR2STS) {
    		if (urb->status == -EPIPE) {
    			printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: stall on control pipe\n",
    			    sc->name);
    			goto Bad_End;
    		}
    
    		/*
    		 * We ignore the result for the halt clear.
    		 */
    
    		usb_reset_endpoint(sc->dev, endp);
    
    		ub_state_stat(sc, cmd);
    
    	} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_CLRRS) {
    		if (urb->status == -EPIPE) {
    			printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: stall on control pipe\n",
    			    sc->name);
    			goto Bad_End;
    		}
    
    		/*
    		 * We ignore the result for the halt clear.
    		 */
    
    		usb_reset_endpoint(sc->dev, endp);
    
    		ub_state_stat_counted(sc, cmd);
    
    	} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_CMD) {
    		switch (urb->status) {
    		case 0:
    			break;
    		case -EOVERFLOW:
    			goto Bad_End;
    		case -EPIPE:
    			rc = ub_submit_clear_stall(sc, cmd, sc->last_pipe);
    			if (rc != 0) {
    				printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: "
    				    "unable to submit clear (%d)\n",
    				    sc->name, rc);
    				/*
    				 * This is typically ENOMEM or some other such shit.
    				 * Retrying is pointless. Just do Bad End on it...
    				 */
    				ub_state_done(sc, cmd, rc);
    				return;
    			}
    			cmd->state = UB_CMDST_CLEAR;
    			return;
    		case -ESHUTDOWN:	/* unplug */
    		case -EILSEQ:		/* unplug timeout on uhci */
    			ub_state_done(sc, cmd, -ENODEV);
    			return;
    		default:
    			goto Bad_End;
    		}
    		if (urb->actual_length != US_BULK_CB_WRAP_LEN) {
    			goto Bad_End;
    		}
    
    		if (cmd->dir == UB_DIR_NONE || cmd->nsg < 1) {
    			ub_state_stat(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		}
    
    		// udelay(125);		// usb-storage has this
    		ub_data_start(sc, cmd);
    
    	} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_DATA) {
    		if (urb->status == -EPIPE) {
    			rc = ub_submit_clear_stall(sc, cmd, sc->last_pipe);
    			if (rc != 0) {
    				printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: "
    				    "unable to submit clear (%d)\n",
    				    sc->name, rc);
    				ub_state_done(sc, cmd, rc);
    				return;
    			}
    			cmd->state = UB_CMDST_CLR2STS;
    			return;
    		}
    		if (urb->status == -EOVERFLOW) {
    			/*
    			 * A babble? Failure, but we must transfer CSW now.
    			 */
    			cmd->error = -EOVERFLOW;	/* A cheap trick... */
    			ub_state_stat(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		}
    
    		if (cmd->dir == UB_DIR_WRITE) {
    			/*
    			 * Do not continue writes in case of a failure.
    			 * Doing so would cause sectors to be mixed up,
    			 * which is worse than sectors lost.
    			 *
    			 * We must try to read the CSW, or many devices
    			 * get confused.
    			 */
    			len = urb->actual_length;
    			if (urb->status != 0 ||
    			    len != cmd->sgv[cmd->current_sg].length) {
    				cmd->act_len += len;
    
    				cmd->error = -EIO;
    				ub_state_stat(sc, cmd);
    				return;
    			}
    
    		} else {
    			/*
    			 * If an error occurs on read, we record it, and
    			 * continue to fetch data in order to avoid bubble.
    			 *
    			 * As a small shortcut, we stop if we detect that
    			 * a CSW mixed into data.
    			 */
    			if (urb->status != 0)
    				cmd->error = -EIO;
    
    			len = urb->actual_length;
    			if (urb->status != 0 ||
    			    len != cmd->sgv[cmd->current_sg].length) {
    				if ((len & 0x1FF) == US_BULK_CS_WRAP_LEN)
    					goto Bad_End;
    			}
    		}
    
    		cmd->act_len += urb->actual_length;
    
    		if (++cmd->current_sg < cmd->nsg) {
    			ub_data_start(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		}
    		ub_state_stat(sc, cmd);
    
    	} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_STAT) {
    		if (urb->status == -EPIPE) {
    			rc = ub_submit_clear_stall(sc, cmd, sc->last_pipe);
    			if (rc != 0) {
    				printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: "
    				    "unable to submit clear (%d)\n",
    				    sc->name, rc);
    				ub_state_done(sc, cmd, rc);
    				return;
    			}
    
    			/*
    			 * Having a stall when getting CSW is an error, so
    			 * make sure uppper levels are not oblivious to it.
    			 */
    			cmd->error = -EIO;		/* A cheap trick... */
    
    			cmd->state = UB_CMDST_CLRRS;
    			return;
    		}
    
    		/* Catch everything, including -EOVERFLOW and other nasties. */
    		if (urb->status != 0)
    			goto Bad_End;
    
    		if (urb->actual_length == 0) {
    			ub_state_stat_counted(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		}
    
    		/*
    		 * Check the returned Bulk protocol status.
    		 * The status block has to be validated first.
    		 */
    
    		bcs = &sc->work_bcs;
    
    		if (sc->signature == cpu_to_le32(0)) {
    			/*
    			 * This is the first reply, so do not perform the check.
    			 * Instead, remember the signature the device uses
    			 * for future checks. But do not allow a nul.
    			 */
    			sc->signature = bcs->Signature;
    			if (sc->signature == cpu_to_le32(0)) {
    				ub_state_stat_counted(sc, cmd);
    				return;
    			}
    		} else {
    			if (bcs->Signature != sc->signature) {
    				ub_state_stat_counted(sc, cmd);
    				return;
    			}
    		}
    
    		if (bcs->Tag != cmd->tag) {
    			/*
    			 * This usually happens when we disagree with the
    			 * device's microcode about something. For instance,
    			 * a few of them throw this after timeouts. They buffer
    			 * commands and reply at commands we timed out before.
    			 * Without flushing these replies we loop forever.
    			 */
    			ub_state_stat_counted(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		}
    
    		if (!sc->bad_resid) {
    			len = le32_to_cpu(bcs->Residue);
    			if (len != cmd->len - cmd->act_len) {
    				/*
    				 * Only start ignoring if this cmd ended well.
    				 */
    				if (cmd->len == cmd->act_len) {
    					printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: "
    					    "bad residual %d of %d, ignoring\n",
    					    sc->name, len, cmd->len);
    					sc->bad_resid = 1;
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    		switch (bcs->Status) {
    		case US_BULK_STAT_OK:
    			break;
    		case US_BULK_STAT_FAIL:
    			ub_state_sense(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		case US_BULK_STAT_PHASE:
    			goto Bad_End;
    		default:
    			printk(KERN_INFO "%s: unknown CSW status 0x%x\n",
    			    sc->name, bcs->Status);
    			ub_state_done(sc, cmd, -EINVAL);
    			return;
    		}
    
    		/* Not zeroing error to preserve a babble indicator */
    		if (cmd->error != 0) {
    			ub_state_sense(sc, cmd);
    			return;
    		}
    		cmd->state = UB_CMDST_DONE;
    		ub_cmdq_pop(sc);
    		(*cmd->done)(sc, cmd);
    
    	} else if (cmd->state == UB_CMDST_SENSE) {
    		ub_state_done(sc, cmd, -EIO);
    
    	} else {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: wrong command state %d\n",
    		    sc->name, cmd->state);
    		ub_state_done(sc, cmd, -EINVAL);
    		return;
    	}
    	return;
    
    Bad_End: /* Little Excel is dead */
    	ub_state_done(sc, cmd, -EIO);
    }
    
    /*
     * Factorization helper for the command state machine:
     * Initiate a data segment transfer.
     */
    static void ub_data_start(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct scatterlist *sg = &cmd->sgv[cmd->current_sg];
    	int pipe;
    	int rc;
    
    	UB_INIT_COMPLETION(sc->work_done);
    
    	if (cmd->dir == UB_DIR_READ)
    		pipe = sc->recv_bulk_pipe;
    	else
    		pipe = sc->send_bulk_pipe;
    	sc->last_pipe = pipe;
    	usb_fill_bulk_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, pipe, sg_virt(sg),
    	    sg->length, ub_urb_complete, sc);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) != 0) {
    		/* XXX Clear stalls */
    		ub_complete(&sc->work_done);
    		ub_state_done(sc, cmd, rc);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	if (cmd->timeo)
    		sc->work_timer.expires = jiffies + cmd->timeo;
    	else
    		sc->work_timer.expires = jiffies + UB_DATA_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&sc->work_timer);
    
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_DATA;
    }
    
    /*
     * Factorization helper for the command state machine:
     * Finish the command.
     */
    static void ub_state_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd, int rc)
    {
    
    	cmd->error = rc;
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_DONE;
    	ub_cmdq_pop(sc);
    	(*cmd->done)(sc, cmd);
    }
    
    /*
     * Factorization helper for the command state machine:
     * Submit a CSW read.
     */
    static int __ub_state_stat(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	int rc;
    
    	UB_INIT_COMPLETION(sc->work_done);
    
    	sc->last_pipe = sc->recv_bulk_pipe;
    	usb_fill_bulk_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, sc->recv_bulk_pipe,
    	    &sc->work_bcs, US_BULK_CS_WRAP_LEN, ub_urb_complete, sc);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) != 0) {
    		/* XXX Clear stalls */
    		ub_complete(&sc->work_done);
    		ub_state_done(sc, cmd, rc);
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	if (cmd->timeo)
    		sc->work_timer.expires = jiffies + cmd->timeo;
    	else
    		sc->work_timer.expires = jiffies + UB_STAT_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&sc->work_timer);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Factorization helper for the command state machine:
     * Submit a CSW read and go to STAT state.
     */
    static void ub_state_stat(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    
    	if (__ub_state_stat(sc, cmd) != 0)
    		return;
    
    	cmd->stat_count = 0;
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_STAT;
    }
    
    /*
     * Factorization helper for the command state machine:
     * Submit a CSW read and go to STAT state with counter (along [C] path).
     */
    static void ub_state_stat_counted(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    
    	if (++cmd->stat_count >= 4) {
    		ub_state_sense(sc, cmd);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	if (__ub_state_stat(sc, cmd) != 0)
    		return;
    
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_STAT;
    }
    
    /*
     * Factorization helper for the command state machine:
     * Submit a REQUEST SENSE and go to SENSE state.
     */
    static void ub_state_sense(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *scmd;
    	struct scatterlist *sg;
    	int rc;
    
    	if (cmd->cdb[0] == REQUEST_SENSE) {
    		rc = -EPIPE;
    		goto error;
    	}
    
    	scmd = &sc->top_rqs_cmd;
    	memset(scmd, 0, sizeof(struct ub_scsi_cmd));
    	scmd->cdb[0] = REQUEST_SENSE;
    	scmd->cdb[4] = UB_SENSE_SIZE;
    	scmd->cdb_len = 6;
    	scmd->dir = UB_DIR_READ;
    	scmd->state = UB_CMDST_INIT;
    	scmd->nsg = 1;
    	sg = &scmd->sgv[0];
    	sg_init_table(sg, UB_MAX_REQ_SG);
    	sg_set_page(sg, virt_to_page(sc->top_sense), UB_SENSE_SIZE,
    			(unsigned long)sc->top_sense & (PAGE_SIZE-1));
    	scmd->len = UB_SENSE_SIZE;
    	scmd->lun = cmd->lun;
    	scmd->done = ub_top_sense_done;
    	scmd->back = cmd;
    
    	scmd->tag = sc->tagcnt++;
    
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_SENSE;
    
    	ub_cmdq_insert(sc, scmd);
    	return;
    
    error:
    	ub_state_done(sc, cmd, rc);
    }
    
    /*
     * A helper for the command's state machine:
     * Submit a stall clear.
     */
    static int ub_submit_clear_stall(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd,
        int stalled_pipe)
    {
    	int endp;
    	struct usb_ctrlrequest *cr;
    	int rc;
    
    	endp = usb_pipeendpoint(stalled_pipe);
    	if (usb_pipein (stalled_pipe))
    		endp |= USB_DIR_IN;
    
    	cr = &sc->work_cr;
    	cr->bRequestType = USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT;
    	cr->bRequest = USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE;
    	cr->wValue = cpu_to_le16(USB_ENDPOINT_HALT);
    	cr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(endp);
    	cr->wLength = cpu_to_le16(0);
    
    	UB_INIT_COMPLETION(sc->work_done);
    
    	usb_fill_control_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, sc->send_ctrl_pipe,
    	    (unsigned char*) cr, NULL, 0, ub_urb_complete, sc);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_ATOMIC)) != 0) {
    		ub_complete(&sc->work_done);
    		return rc;
    	}
    
    	sc->work_timer.expires = jiffies + UB_CTRL_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&sc->work_timer);
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     */
    static void ub_top_sense_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *scmd)
    {
    	unsigned char *sense = sc->top_sense;
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    
    	/*
    	 * Find the command which triggered the unit attention or a check,
    	 * save the sense into it, and advance its state machine.
    	 */
    	if ((cmd = ub_cmdq_peek(sc)) == NULL) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: sense done while idle\n", sc->name);
    		return;
    	}
    	if (cmd != scmd->back) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: "
    		    "sense done for wrong command 0x%x\n",
    		    sc->name, cmd->tag);
    		return;
    	}
    	if (cmd->state != UB_CMDST_SENSE) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: sense done with bad cmd state %d\n",
    		    sc->name, cmd->state);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Ignoring scmd->act_len, because the buffer was pre-zeroed.
    	 */
    	cmd->key = sense[2] & 0x0F;
    	cmd->asc = sense[12];
    	cmd->ascq = sense[13];
    
    	ub_scsi_urb_compl(sc, cmd);
    }
    
    /*
     * Reset management
     */
    
    static void ub_reset_enter(struct ub_dev *sc, int try)
    {
    
    	if (sc->reset) {
    		/* This happens often on multi-LUN devices. */
    		return;
    	}
    	sc->reset = try + 1;
    
    #if 0 /* Not needed because the disconnect waits for us. */
    	unsigned long flags;
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	sc->openc++;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    #endif
    
    #if 0 /* We let them stop themselves. */
    	struct ub_lun *lun;
    	list_for_each_entry(lun, &sc->luns, link) {
    		blk_stop_queue(lun->disk->queue);
    	}
    #endif
    
    	schedule_work(&sc->reset_work);
    }
    
    static void ub_reset_task(struct work_struct *work)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc = container_of(work, struct ub_dev, reset_work);
    	unsigned long flags;
    	struct ub_lun *lun;
    	int rc;
    
    	if (!sc->reset) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: Running reset unrequested\n",
    		    sc->name);
    		return;
    	}
    
    	if (atomic_read(&sc->poison)) {
    		;
    	} else if ((sc->reset & 1) == 0) {
    		ub_sync_reset(sc);
    		msleep(700);	/* usb-storage sleeps 6s (!) */
    		ub_probe_clear_stall(sc, sc->recv_bulk_pipe);
    		ub_probe_clear_stall(sc, sc->send_bulk_pipe);
    	} else if (sc->dev->actconfig->desc.bNumInterfaces != 1) {
    		;
    	} else {
    		rc = usb_lock_device_for_reset(sc->dev, sc->intf);
    		if (rc < 0) {
    			printk(KERN_NOTICE
    			    "%s: usb_lock_device_for_reset failed (%d)\n",
    			    sc->name, rc);
    		} else {
    			rc = usb_reset_device(sc->dev);
    			if (rc < 0) {
    				printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: "
    				    "usb_lock_device_for_reset failed (%d)\n",
    				    sc->name, rc);
    			}
    			usb_unlock_device(sc->dev);
    		}
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * In theory, no commands can be running while reset is active,
    	 * so nobody can ask for another reset, and so we do not need any
    	 * queues of resets or anything. We do need a spinlock though,
    	 * to interact with block layer.
    	 */
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	sc->reset = 0;
    	tasklet_schedule(&sc->tasklet);
    	list_for_each_entry(lun, &sc->luns, link) {
    		blk_start_queue(lun->disk->queue);
    	}
    	wake_up(&sc->reset_wait);
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    }
    
    /*
     * XXX Reset brackets are too much hassle to implement, so just stub them
     * in order to prevent forced unbinding (which deadlocks solid when our
     * ->disconnect method waits for the reset to complete and this kills keventd).
     *
     * XXX Tell Alan to move usb_unlock_device inside of usb_reset_device,
     * or else the post_reset is invoked, and restats I/O on a locked device.
     */
    static int ub_pre_reset(struct usb_interface *iface) {
    	return 0;
    }
    
    static int ub_post_reset(struct usb_interface *iface) {
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * This is called from a process context.
     */
    static void ub_revalidate(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun)
    {
    
    	lun->readonly = 0;	/* XXX Query this from the device */
    
    	lun->capacity.nsec = 0;
    	lun->capacity.bsize = 512;
    	lun->capacity.bshift = 0;
    
    	if (ub_sync_tur(sc, lun) != 0)
    		return;			/* Not ready */
    	lun->changed = 0;
    
    	if (ub_sync_read_cap(sc, lun, &lun->capacity) != 0) {
    		/*
    		 * The retry here means something is wrong, either with the
    		 * device, with the transport, or with our code.
    		 * We keep this because sd.c has retries for capacity.
    		 */
    		if (ub_sync_read_cap(sc, lun, &lun->capacity) != 0) {
    			lun->capacity.nsec = 0;
    			lun->capacity.bsize = 512;
    			lun->capacity.bshift = 0;
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    /*
     * The open funcion.
     * This is mostly needed to keep refcounting, but also to support
     * media checks on removable media drives.
     */
    static int ub_bd_open(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun = bdev->bd_disk->private_data;
    	struct ub_dev *sc = lun->udev;
    	unsigned long flags;
    	int rc;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	if (atomic_read(&sc->poison)) {
    		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    		return -ENXIO;
    	}
    	sc->openc++;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    
    	if (lun->removable || lun->readonly)
    		check_disk_change(bdev);
    
    	/*
    	 * The sd.c considers ->media_present and ->changed not equivalent,
    	 * under some pretty murky conditions (a failure of READ CAPACITY).
    	 * We may need it one day.
    	 */
    	if (lun->removable && lun->changed && !(mode & FMODE_NDELAY)) {
    		rc = -ENOMEDIUM;
    		goto err_open;
    	}
    
    	if (lun->readonly && (mode & FMODE_WRITE)) {
    		rc = -EROFS;
    		goto err_open;
    	}
    
    	return 0;
    
    err_open:
    	ub_put(sc);
    	return rc;
    }
    
    static int ub_bd_unlocked_open(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
    {
    	int ret;
    
    	mutex_lock(&ub_mutex);
    	ret = ub_bd_open(bdev, mode);
    	mutex_unlock(&ub_mutex);
    
    	return ret;
    }
    
    
    /*
     */
    static int ub_bd_release(struct gendisk *disk, fmode_t mode)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun = disk->private_data;
    	struct ub_dev *sc = lun->udev;
    
    	mutex_lock(&ub_mutex);
    	ub_put(sc);
    	mutex_unlock(&ub_mutex);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * The ioctl interface.
     */
    static int ub_bd_ioctl(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode,
        unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
    {
    	struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk;
    	void __user *usermem = (void __user *) arg;
    	int ret;
    
    	mutex_lock(&ub_mutex);
    	ret = scsi_cmd_ioctl(disk->queue, disk, mode, cmd, usermem);
    	mutex_unlock(&ub_mutex);
    
    	return ret;
    }
    
    /*
     * This is called by check_disk_change if we reported a media change.
     * The main onjective here is to discover the features of the media such as
     * the capacity, read-only status, etc. USB storage generally does not
     * need to be spun up, but if we needed it, this would be the place.
     *
     * This call can sleep.
     *
     * The return code is not used.
     */
    static int ub_bd_revalidate(struct gendisk *disk)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun = disk->private_data;
    
    	ub_revalidate(lun->udev, lun);
    
    	/* XXX Support sector size switching like in sr.c */
    	blk_queue_logical_block_size(disk->queue, lun->capacity.bsize);
    	set_capacity(disk, lun->capacity.nsec);
    	// set_disk_ro(sdkp->disk, lun->readonly);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * The check is called by the block layer to verify if the media
     * is still available. It is supposed to be harmless, lightweight and
     * non-intrusive in case the media was not changed.
     *
     * This call can sleep.
     *
     * The return code is bool!
     */
    static unsigned int ub_bd_check_events(struct gendisk *disk,
    				       unsigned int clearing)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun = disk->private_data;
    
    	if (!lun->removable)
    		return 0;
    
    	/*
    	 * We clean checks always after every command, so this is not
    	 * as dangerous as it looks. If the TEST_UNIT_READY fails here,
    	 * the device is actually not ready with operator or software
    	 * intervention required. One dangerous item might be a drive which
    	 * spins itself down, and come the time to write dirty pages, this
    	 * will fail, then block layer discards the data. Since we never
    	 * spin drives up, such devices simply cannot be used with ub anyway.
    	 */
    	if (ub_sync_tur(lun->udev, lun) != 0) {
    		lun->changed = 1;
    		return DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE;
    	}
    
    	return lun->changed ? DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE : 0;
    }
    
    static const struct block_device_operations ub_bd_fops = {
    	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
    	.open		= ub_bd_unlocked_open,
    	.release	= ub_bd_release,
    	.ioctl		= ub_bd_ioctl,
    	.check_events	= ub_bd_check_events,
    	.revalidate_disk = ub_bd_revalidate,
    };
    
    /*
     * Common ->done routine for commands executed synchronously.
     */
    static void ub_probe_done(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd)
    {
    	struct completion *cop = cmd->back;
    	complete(cop);
    }
    
    /*
     * Test if the device has a check condition on it, synchronously.
     */
    static int ub_sync_tur(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    	enum { ALLOC_SIZE = sizeof(struct ub_scsi_cmd) };
    	unsigned long flags;
    	struct completion compl;
    	int rc;
    
    	init_completion(&compl);
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((cmd = kzalloc(ALLOC_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
    		goto err_alloc;
    
    	cmd->cdb[0] = TEST_UNIT_READY;
    	cmd->cdb_len = 6;
    	cmd->dir = UB_DIR_NONE;
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_INIT;
    	cmd->lun = lun;			/* This may be NULL, but that's ok */
    	cmd->done = ub_probe_done;
    	cmd->back = &compl;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	cmd->tag = sc->tagcnt++;
    
    	rc = ub_submit_scsi(sc, cmd);
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    
    	if (rc != 0)
    		goto err_submit;
    
    	wait_for_completion(&compl);
    
    	rc = cmd->error;
    
    	if (rc == -EIO && cmd->key != 0)	/* Retries for benh's key */
    		rc = cmd->key;
    
    err_submit:
    	kfree(cmd);
    err_alloc:
    	return rc;
    }
    
    /*
     * Read the SCSI capacity synchronously (for probing).
     */
    static int ub_sync_read_cap(struct ub_dev *sc, struct ub_lun *lun,
        struct ub_capacity *ret)
    {
    	struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    	struct scatterlist *sg;
    	char *p;
    	enum { ALLOC_SIZE = sizeof(struct ub_scsi_cmd) + 8 };
    	unsigned long flags;
    	unsigned int bsize, shift;
    	unsigned long nsec;
    	struct completion compl;
    	int rc;
    
    	init_completion(&compl);
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((cmd = kzalloc(ALLOC_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
    		goto err_alloc;
    	p = (char *)cmd + sizeof(struct ub_scsi_cmd);
    
    	cmd->cdb[0] = 0x25;
    	cmd->cdb_len = 10;
    	cmd->dir = UB_DIR_READ;
    	cmd->state = UB_CMDST_INIT;
    	cmd->nsg = 1;
    	sg = &cmd->sgv[0];
    	sg_init_table(sg, UB_MAX_REQ_SG);
    	sg_set_page(sg, virt_to_page(p), 8, (unsigned long)p & (PAGE_SIZE-1));
    	cmd->len = 8;
    	cmd->lun = lun;
    	cmd->done = ub_probe_done;
    	cmd->back = &compl;
    
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	cmd->tag = sc->tagcnt++;
    
    	rc = ub_submit_scsi(sc, cmd);
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    
    	if (rc != 0)
    		goto err_submit;
    
    	wait_for_completion(&compl);
    
    	if (cmd->error != 0) {
    		rc = -EIO;
    		goto err_read;
    	}
    	if (cmd->act_len != 8) {
    		rc = -EIO;
    		goto err_read;
    	}
    
    	/* sd.c special-cases sector size of 0 to mean 512. Needed? Safe? */
    	nsec = be32_to_cpu(*(__be32 *)p) + 1;
    	bsize = be32_to_cpu(*(__be32 *)(p + 4));
    	switch (bsize) {
    	case 512:	shift = 0;	break;
    	case 1024:	shift = 1;	break;
    	case 2048:	shift = 2;	break;
    	case 4096:	shift = 3;	break;
    	default:
    		rc = -EDOM;
    		goto err_inv_bsize;
    	}
    
    	ret->bsize = bsize;
    	ret->bshift = shift;
    	ret->nsec = nsec << shift;
    	rc = 0;
    
    err_inv_bsize:
    err_read:
    err_submit:
    	kfree(cmd);
    err_alloc:
    	return rc;
    }
    
    /*
     */
    static void ub_probe_urb_complete(struct urb *urb)
    {
    	struct completion *cop = urb->context;
    	complete(cop);
    }
    
    static void ub_probe_timeout(unsigned long arg)
    {
    	struct completion *cop = (struct completion *) arg;
    	complete(cop);
    }
    
    /*
     * Reset with a Bulk reset.
     */
    static int ub_sync_reset(struct ub_dev *sc)
    {
    	int ifnum = sc->intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber;
    	struct usb_ctrlrequest *cr;
    	struct completion compl;
    	struct timer_list timer;
    	int rc;
    
    	init_completion(&compl);
    
    	cr = &sc->work_cr;
    	cr->bRequestType = USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
    	cr->bRequest = US_BULK_RESET_REQUEST;
    	cr->wValue = cpu_to_le16(0);
    	cr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(ifnum);
    	cr->wLength = cpu_to_le16(0);
    
    	usb_fill_control_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, sc->send_ctrl_pipe,
    	    (unsigned char*) cr, NULL, 0, ub_probe_urb_complete, &compl);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_KERNEL)) != 0) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING
    		     "%s: Unable to submit a bulk reset (%d)\n", sc->name, rc);
    		return rc;
    	}
    
    	init_timer(&timer);
    	timer.function = ub_probe_timeout;
    	timer.data = (unsigned long) &compl;
    	timer.expires = jiffies + UB_CTRL_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&timer);
    
    	wait_for_completion(&compl);
    
    	del_timer_sync(&timer);
    	usb_kill_urb(&sc->work_urb);
    
    	return sc->work_urb.status;
    }
    
    /*
     * Get number of LUNs by the way of Bulk GetMaxLUN command.
     */
    static int ub_sync_getmaxlun(struct ub_dev *sc)
    {
    	int ifnum = sc->intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber;
    	unsigned char *p;
    	enum { ALLOC_SIZE = 1 };
    	struct usb_ctrlrequest *cr;
    	struct completion compl;
    	struct timer_list timer;
    	int nluns;
    	int rc;
    
    	init_completion(&compl);
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((p = kmalloc(ALLOC_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
    		goto err_alloc;
    	*p = 55;
    
    	cr = &sc->work_cr;
    	cr->bRequestType = USB_DIR_IN | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
    	cr->bRequest = US_BULK_GET_MAX_LUN;
    	cr->wValue = cpu_to_le16(0);
    	cr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(ifnum);
    	cr->wLength = cpu_to_le16(1);
    
    	usb_fill_control_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, sc->recv_ctrl_pipe,
    	    (unsigned char*) cr, p, 1, ub_probe_urb_complete, &compl);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_KERNEL)) != 0)
    		goto err_submit;
    
    	init_timer(&timer);
    	timer.function = ub_probe_timeout;
    	timer.data = (unsigned long) &compl;
    	timer.expires = jiffies + UB_CTRL_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&timer);
    
    	wait_for_completion(&compl);
    
    	del_timer_sync(&timer);
    	usb_kill_urb(&sc->work_urb);
    
    	if ((rc = sc->work_urb.status) < 0)
    		goto err_io;
    
    	if (sc->work_urb.actual_length != 1) {
    		nluns = 0;
    	} else {
    		if ((nluns = *p) == 55) {
    			nluns = 0;
    		} else {
      			/* GetMaxLUN returns the maximum LUN number */
    			nluns += 1;
    			if (nluns > UB_MAX_LUNS)
    				nluns = UB_MAX_LUNS;
    		}
    	}
    
    	kfree(p);
    	return nluns;
    
    err_io:
    err_submit:
    	kfree(p);
    err_alloc:
    	return rc;
    }
    
    /*
     * Clear initial stalls.
     */
    static int ub_probe_clear_stall(struct ub_dev *sc, int stalled_pipe)
    {
    	int endp;
    	struct usb_ctrlrequest *cr;
    	struct completion compl;
    	struct timer_list timer;
    	int rc;
    
    	init_completion(&compl);
    
    	endp = usb_pipeendpoint(stalled_pipe);
    	if (usb_pipein (stalled_pipe))
    		endp |= USB_DIR_IN;
    
    	cr = &sc->work_cr;
    	cr->bRequestType = USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT;
    	cr->bRequest = USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE;
    	cr->wValue = cpu_to_le16(USB_ENDPOINT_HALT);
    	cr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(endp);
    	cr->wLength = cpu_to_le16(0);
    
    	usb_fill_control_urb(&sc->work_urb, sc->dev, sc->send_ctrl_pipe,
    	    (unsigned char*) cr, NULL, 0, ub_probe_urb_complete, &compl);
    
    	if ((rc = usb_submit_urb(&sc->work_urb, GFP_KERNEL)) != 0) {
    		printk(KERN_WARNING
    		     "%s: Unable to submit a probe clear (%d)\n", sc->name, rc);
    		return rc;
    	}
    
    	init_timer(&timer);
    	timer.function = ub_probe_timeout;
    	timer.data = (unsigned long) &compl;
    	timer.expires = jiffies + UB_CTRL_TIMEOUT;
    	add_timer(&timer);
    
    	wait_for_completion(&compl);
    
    	del_timer_sync(&timer);
    	usb_kill_urb(&sc->work_urb);
    
    	usb_reset_endpoint(sc->dev, endp);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Get the pipe settings.
     */
    static int ub_get_pipes(struct ub_dev *sc, struct usb_device *dev,
        struct usb_interface *intf)
    {
    	struct usb_host_interface *altsetting = intf->cur_altsetting;
    	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *ep_in = NULL;
    	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *ep_out = NULL;
    	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *ep;
    	int i;
    
    	/*
    	 * Find the endpoints we need.
    	 * We are expecting a minimum of 2 endpoints - in and out (bulk).
    	 * We will ignore any others.
    	 */
    	for (i = 0; i < altsetting->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
    		ep = &altsetting->endpoint[i].desc;
    
    		/* Is it a BULK endpoint? */
    		if (usb_endpoint_xfer_bulk(ep)) {
    			/* BULK in or out? */
    			if (usb_endpoint_dir_in(ep)) {
    				if (ep_in == NULL)
    					ep_in = ep;
    			} else {
    				if (ep_out == NULL)
    					ep_out = ep;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (ep_in == NULL || ep_out == NULL) {
    		printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: failed endpoint check\n", sc->name);
    		return -ENODEV;
    	}
    
    	/* Calculate and store the pipe values */
    	sc->send_ctrl_pipe = usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0);
    	sc->recv_ctrl_pipe = usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0);
    	sc->send_bulk_pipe = usb_sndbulkpipe(dev,
    		usb_endpoint_num(ep_out));
    	sc->recv_bulk_pipe = usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev, 
    		usb_endpoint_num(ep_in));
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Probing is done in the process context, which allows us to cheat
     * and not to build a state machine for the discovery.
     */
    static int ub_probe(struct usb_interface *intf,
        const struct usb_device_id *dev_id)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc;
    	int nluns;
    	int rc;
    	int i;
    
    	if (usb_usual_check_type(dev_id, USB_US_TYPE_UB))
    		return -ENXIO;
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((sc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ub_dev), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
    		goto err_core;
    	sc->lock = ub_next_lock();
    	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sc->luns);
    	usb_init_urb(&sc->work_urb);
    	tasklet_init(&sc->tasklet, ub_scsi_action, (unsigned long)sc);
    	atomic_set(&sc->poison, 0);
    	INIT_WORK(&sc->reset_work, ub_reset_task);
    	init_waitqueue_head(&sc->reset_wait);
    
    	init_timer(&sc->work_timer);
    	sc->work_timer.data = (unsigned long) sc;
    	sc->work_timer.function = ub_urb_timeout;
    
    	ub_init_completion(&sc->work_done);
    	sc->work_done.done = 1;		/* A little yuk, but oh well... */
    
    	sc->dev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
    	sc->intf = intf;
    	// sc->ifnum = intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber;
    	usb_set_intfdata(intf, sc);
    	usb_get_dev(sc->dev);
    	/*
    	 * Since we give the interface struct to the block level through
    	 * disk->driverfs_dev, we have to pin it. Otherwise, block_uevent
    	 * oopses on close after a disconnect (kernels 2.6.16 and up).
    	 */
    	usb_get_intf(sc->intf);
    
    	snprintf(sc->name, 12, DRV_NAME "(%d.%d)",
    	    sc->dev->bus->busnum, sc->dev->devnum);
    
    	/* XXX Verify that we can handle the device (from descriptors) */
    
    	if (ub_get_pipes(sc, sc->dev, intf) != 0)
    		goto err_dev_desc;
    
    	/*
    	 * At this point, all USB initialization is done, do upper layer.
    	 * We really hate halfway initialized structures, so from the
    	 * invariants perspective, this ub_dev is fully constructed at
    	 * this point.
    	 */
    
    	/*
    	 * This is needed to clear toggles. It is a problem only if we do
    	 * `rmmod ub && modprobe ub` without disconnects, but we like that.
    	 */
    #if 0 /* iPod Mini fails if we do this (big white iPod works) */
    	ub_probe_clear_stall(sc, sc->recv_bulk_pipe);
    	ub_probe_clear_stall(sc, sc->send_bulk_pipe);
    #endif
    
    	/*
    	 * The way this is used by the startup code is a little specific.
    	 * A SCSI check causes a USB stall. Our common case code sees it
    	 * and clears the check, after which the device is ready for use.
    	 * But if a check was not present, any command other than
    	 * TEST_UNIT_READY ends with a lockup (including REQUEST_SENSE).
    	 *
    	 * If we neglect to clear the SCSI check, the first real command fails
    	 * (which is the capacity readout). We clear that and retry, but why
    	 * causing spurious retries for no reason.
    	 *
    	 * Revalidation may start with its own TEST_UNIT_READY, but that one
    	 * has to succeed, so we clear checks with an additional one here.
    	 * In any case it's not our business how revaliadation is implemented.
    	 */
    	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {  /* Retries for the schwag key from KS'04 */
    		if ((rc = ub_sync_tur(sc, NULL)) <= 0) break;
    		if (rc != 0x6) break;
    		msleep(10);
    	}
    
    	nluns = 1;
    	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    		if ((rc = ub_sync_getmaxlun(sc)) < 0)
    			break;
    		if (rc != 0) {
    			nluns = rc;
    			break;
    		}
    		msleep(100);
    	}
    
    	for (i = 0; i < nluns; i++) {
    		ub_probe_lun(sc, i);
    	}
    	return 0;
    
    err_dev_desc:
    	usb_set_intfdata(intf, NULL);
    	usb_put_intf(sc->intf);
    	usb_put_dev(sc->dev);
    	kfree(sc);
    err_core:
    	return rc;
    }
    
    static int ub_probe_lun(struct ub_dev *sc, int lnum)
    {
    	struct ub_lun *lun;
    	struct request_queue *q;
    	struct gendisk *disk;
    	int rc;
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((lun = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ub_lun), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
    		goto err_alloc;
    	lun->num = lnum;
    
    	rc = -ENOSR;
    	if ((lun->id = ub_id_get()) == -1)
    		goto err_id;
    
    	lun->udev = sc;
    
    	snprintf(lun->name, 16, DRV_NAME "%c(%d.%d.%d)",
    	    lun->id + 'a', sc->dev->bus->busnum, sc->dev->devnum, lun->num);
    
    	lun->removable = 1;		/* XXX Query this from the device */
    	lun->changed = 1;		/* ub_revalidate clears only */
    	ub_revalidate(sc, lun);
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((disk = alloc_disk(UB_PARTS_PER_LUN)) == NULL)
    		goto err_diskalloc;
    
    	sprintf(disk->disk_name, DRV_NAME "%c", lun->id + 'a');
    	disk->major = UB_MAJOR;
    	disk->first_minor = lun->id * UB_PARTS_PER_LUN;
    	disk->fops = &ub_bd_fops;
    	disk->private_data = lun;
    	disk->driverfs_dev = &sc->intf->dev;
    
    	rc = -ENOMEM;
    	if ((q = blk_init_queue(ub_request_fn, sc->lock)) == NULL)
    		goto err_blkqinit;
    
    	disk->queue = q;
    
    	blk_queue_bounce_limit(q, BLK_BOUNCE_HIGH);
    	blk_queue_max_segments(q, UB_MAX_REQ_SG);
    	blk_queue_segment_boundary(q, 0xffffffff);	/* Dubious. */
    	blk_queue_max_hw_sectors(q, UB_MAX_SECTORS);
    	blk_queue_logical_block_size(q, lun->capacity.bsize);
    
    	lun->disk = disk;
    	q->queuedata = lun;
    	list_add(&lun->link, &sc->luns);
    
    	set_capacity(disk, lun->capacity.nsec);
    	if (lun->removable)
    		disk->flags |= GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE;
    
    	add_disk(disk);
    
    	return 0;
    
    err_blkqinit:
    	put_disk(disk);
    err_diskalloc:
    	ub_id_put(lun->id);
    err_id:
    	kfree(lun);
    err_alloc:
    	return rc;
    }
    
    static void ub_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
    {
    	struct ub_dev *sc = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
    	struct ub_lun *lun;
    	unsigned long flags;
    
    	/*
    	 * Prevent ub_bd_release from pulling the rug from under us.
    	 * XXX This is starting to look like a kref.
    	 * XXX Why not to take this ref at probe time?
    	 */
    	spin_lock_irqsave(&ub_lock, flags);
    	sc->openc++;
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ub_lock, flags);
    
    	/*
    	 * Fence stall clearings, operations triggered by unlinkings and so on.
    	 * We do not attempt to unlink any URBs, because we do not trust the
    	 * unlink paths in HC drivers. Also, we get -84 upon disconnect anyway.
    	 */
    	atomic_set(&sc->poison, 1);
    
    	/*
    	 * Wait for reset to end, if any.
    	 */
    	wait_event(sc->reset_wait, !sc->reset);
    
    	/*
    	 * Blow away queued commands.
    	 *
    	 * Actually, this never works, because before we get here
    	 * the HCD terminates outstanding URB(s). It causes our
    	 * SCSI command queue to advance, commands fail to submit,
    	 * and the whole queue drains. So, we just use this code to
    	 * print warnings.
    	 */
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	{
    		struct ub_scsi_cmd *cmd;
    		int cnt = 0;
    		while ((cmd = ub_cmdq_peek(sc)) != NULL) {
    			cmd->error = -ENOTCONN;
    			cmd->state = UB_CMDST_DONE;
    			ub_cmdq_pop(sc);
    			(*cmd->done)(sc, cmd);
    			cnt++;
    		}
    		if (cnt != 0) {
    			printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: "
    			    "%d was queued after shutdown\n", sc->name, cnt);
    		}
    	}
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    
    	/*
    	 * Unregister the upper layer.
    	 */
    	list_for_each_entry(lun, &sc->luns, link) {
    		del_gendisk(lun->disk);
    		/*
    		 * I wish I could do:
    		 *    queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, q);
    		 * As it is, we rely on our internal poisoning and let
    		 * the upper levels to spin furiously failing all the I/O.
    		 */
    	}
    
    	/*
    	 * Testing for -EINPROGRESS is always a bug, so we are bending
    	 * the rules a little.
    	 */
    	spin_lock_irqsave(sc->lock, flags);
    	if (sc->work_urb.status == -EINPROGRESS) {	/* janitors: ignore */
    		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: "
    		    "URB is active after disconnect\n", sc->name);
    	}
    	spin_unlock_irqrestore(sc->lock, flags);
    
    	/*
    	 * There is virtually no chance that other CPU runs a timeout so long
    	 * after ub_urb_complete should have called del_timer, but only if HCD
    	 * didn't forget to deliver a callback on unlink.
    	 */
    	del_timer_sync(&sc->work_timer);
    
    	/*
    	 * At this point there must be no commands coming from anyone
    	 * and no URBs left in transit.
    	 */
    
    	ub_put(sc);
    }
    
    static struct usb_driver ub_driver = {
    	.name =		"ub",
    	.probe =	ub_probe,
    	.disconnect =	ub_disconnect,
    	.id_table =	ub_usb_ids,
    	.pre_reset =	ub_pre_reset,
    	.post_reset =	ub_post_reset,
    };
    
    static int __init ub_init(void)
    {
    	int rc;
    	int i;
    
    	for (i = 0; i < UB_QLOCK_NUM; i++)
    		spin_lock_init(&ub_qlockv[i]);
    
    	if ((rc = register_blkdev(UB_MAJOR, DRV_NAME)) != 0)
    		goto err_regblkdev;
    
    	if ((rc = usb_register(&ub_driver)) != 0)
    		goto err_register;
    
    	usb_usual_set_present(USB_US_TYPE_UB);
    	return 0;
    
    err_register:
    	unregister_blkdev(UB_MAJOR, DRV_NAME);
    err_regblkdev:
    	return rc;
    }
    
    static void __exit ub_exit(void)
    {
    	usb_deregister(&ub_driver);
    
    	unregister_blkdev(UB_MAJOR, DRV_NAME);
    	usb_usual_clear_present(USB_US_TYPE_UB);
    }
    
    module_init(ub_init);
    module_exit(ub_exit);
    
    MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");